以脅(xie)(xie)迫手段迫使(shi)或(huo)者(zhe)妨礙被繼(ji)(ji)(ji)承(cheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)設立、變(bian)更或(huo)者(zhe)撤(che)(che)回(hui)遺(yi)(yi)囑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，情(qing)節(jie)嚴重這是對被繼(ji)(ji)(ji)承(cheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)遺(yi)(yi)囑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)變(bian)動實(shi)施的(de)行(xing)為(wei)(wei)。遺(yi)(yi)囑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)是遺(yi)(yi)囑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)生(sheng)(sheng)前作出，于遺(yi)(yi)囑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)死(si)亡時發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)法(fa)(fa)律效力(li)的(de)法(fa)(fa)律行(xing)為(wei)(wei)。被繼(ji)(ji)(ji)承(cheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)設立、變(bian)更或(huo)者(zhe)撤(che)(che)回(hui)遺(yi)(yi)囑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)是支配自己身(shen)后財(cai)(cai)產(chan)(chan)的(de)自主意(yi)(yi)(yi)愿，受(shou)民(min)法(fa)(fa)意(yi)(yi)(yi)思自治原則的(de)保護。以欺騙(pian)、脅(xie)(xie)迫手段迫使(shi)或(huo)妨礙被繼(ji)(ji)(ji)承(cheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)設立、變(bian)更或(huo)者(zhe)撤(che)(che)回(hui)遺(yi)(yi)囑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)，同樣侵犯(fan)了被繼(ji)(ji)(ji)承(cheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)自由處分財(cai)(cai)產(chan)(chan)的(de)權利和其(qi)他繼(ji)(ji)(ji)承(cheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)繼(ji)(ji)(ji)承(cheng)權。，是指(zhi)(zhi)繼(ji)(ji)(ji)承(cheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)故意(yi)(yi)(yi)隱(yin)瞞真實(shi)情(qing)況或(huo)者(zhe)告知虛(xu)假(jia)的(de)情(qing)況，欺騙(pian)被繼(ji)(ji)(ji)承(cheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，誘(you)使(shi)被繼(ji)(ji)(ji)承(cheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)陷(xian)入錯誤(wu)判斷(duan)(duan)并(bing)基于此(ci)錯誤(wu)判斷(duan)(duan)作出違背其(qi)本意(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)設立、變(bian)更或(huo)者(zhe)撤(che)(che)回(hui)遺(yi)(yi)囑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)意(yi)(yi)(yi)思表示(shi)。脅(xie)(xie)迫，是指(zhi)(zhi)繼(ji)(ji)(ji)承(cheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)以將要(yao)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)損害(hai)或(huo)者(zhe)以直接實(shi)施損害(hai)相威脅(xie)(xie)、恐(kong)(kong)嚇(xia)等不(bu)法(fa)(fa)手段，使(shi)被繼(ji)(ji)(ji)承(cheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)恐(kong)(kong)懼心(xin)理(li)并(bing)基于此(ci)恐(kong)(kong)懼心(xin)理(li)作出違背其(qi)本意(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)設立、變(bian)更或(huo)者(zhe)撤(che)(che)回(hui)遺(yi)(yi)囑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)意(yi)(yi)(yi)思表示(shi)。繼(ji)(ji)(ji)承(cheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)實(shi)施上述行(xing)為(wei)(wei)情(qing)節(jie)嚴重的(de)判斷(duan)(duan)，可(ke)綜合考察(cha)或(huo)脅(xie)(xie)迫行(xing)為(wei)(wei)本身(shen)的(de)惡劣程(cheng)度(du)、行(xing)為(wei)(wei)對被繼(ji)(ji)(ji)承(cheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)造成(cheng)影響(xiang)的(de)持續(xu)程(cheng)度(du)、損害(hai)其(qi)他繼(ji)(ji)(ji)承(cheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)合法(fa)(fa)權益的(de)程(cheng)度(du)、謀取不(bu)當利益的(de)情(qing)況等因(yin)素。離婚當事人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)請求分割(ge)共(gong)有(you)財(cai)(cai)產(chan)(chan)時，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)法(fa)(fa)院不(bu)宜判決分割(ge)使(shi)用(yong)而應(ying)采取折價補償(chang)方式。奉賢區遺(yi)(yi)產(chan)(chan)繼(ji)(ji)(ji)承(cheng)民(min)事商事糾紛訴訟費用(yong)

民事商事

一方使用虛假身份(fen)證件，以(yi)騙取(qu)錢財為目的與(yu)另(ling)一方登記(ji)結婚(hun)，婚(hun)后不久即下落不明。經公安機(ji)關查證，一方的身份(fen)證件系偽造，另(ling)一方起訴離婚(hun)被(bei)法院裁定(ding)駁回，理由是沒有明確的被(bei)告，此(ci)種情(qing)況(kuang)有什么救濟途徑(jing)？

答：如果一(yi)方(fang)當事人(ren)(ren)向婚(hun)(hun)(hun)姻(yin)(yin)登(deng)(deng)記機(ji)關提供虛假身份證等證明材料，騙(pian)(pian)取了(le)結(jie)(jie)婚(hun)(hun)(hun)證，其(qi)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)騙(pian)(pian)取錢財，婚(hun)(hun)(hun)姻(yin)(yin)登(deng)(deng)記機(ji)關是(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)受(shou)欺騙(pian)(pian)的(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)下作出的(de)(de)(de)婚(hun)(hun)(hun)姻(yin)(yin)登(deng)(deng)記發證行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，該(gai)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)形式上雖已經(jing)存在(zai)(zai)(zai)，但因具有(you)重大、明顯(xian)的(de)(de)(de)瑕疵，且顯(xian)然不(bu)符合(he)《婚(hun)(hun)(hun)姻(yin)(yin)法(fa)(fa)(fa)》和《婚(hun)(hun)(hun)姻(yin)(yin)登(deng)(deng)記條(tiao)(tiao)例(li)》有(you)關結(jie)(jie)婚(hun)(hun)(hun)登(deng)(deng)記的(de)(de)(de)條(tiao)(tiao)件。該(gai)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)屬于(yu)無效行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)情形，應當確認該(gai)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)無效。根據(ju)有(you)關規定，對(dui)無效行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)認定，主(zhu)要有(you)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)主(zhu)體(ti)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)認定和法(fa)(fa)(fa)院在(zai)(zai)(zai)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)訴(su)訟中(zhong)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)認定兩種方(fang)式，現(xian)鑒于(yu)婚(hun)(hun)(hun)姻(yin)(yin)登(deng)(deng)記機(ji)關一(yi)般不(bu)受(shou)理此類問題，根據(ju)《最(zui)高人(ren)(ren)民(min)法(fa)(fa)(fa)院關于(yu)執行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)<中(zhong)華人(ren)(ren)民(min)共和國行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)訴(su)訟法(fa)(fa)(fa)>若干問題的(de)(de)(de)解釋》第五十七條(tiao)(tiao)規定，即被(bei)訴(su)具體(ti)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)依法(fa)(fa)(fa)不(bu)成立或無效的(de)(de)(de)，人(ren)(ren)民(min)法(fa)(fa)(fa)院應當作出確認被(bei)訴(su)具體(ti)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)違(wei)法(fa)(fa)(fa)或者無效的(de)(de)(de)判(pan)決。因此，受(shou)騙(pian)(pian)一(yi)方(fang)的(de)(de)(de)救濟途徑是(shi)(shi)提起行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)訴(su)訟，請求撤銷結(jie)(jie)婚(hun)(hun)(hun)登(deng)(deng)記。閔行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)區開除(chu)辭退(tui)民(min)事商事委(wei)托勞務關系(xi)與(yu)承(cheng)攬關系(xi)的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要區別。

幫(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)害(hai)(hai)責(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)根據最高人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民法(fa)院《關于(yu)審(shen)理(li)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)身損(sun)害(hai)(hai)賠(pei)償(chang)(chang)(chang)案件適(shi)用法(fa)律若干問題的(de)(de)(de)解釋》第13條(tiao)規(gui)定，幫(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)害(hai)(hai)責(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)存(cun)在(zai)以(yi)下情況：（1）一(yi)般(ban)情況下，幫(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)在(zai)從事幫(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)活(huo)動(dong)中(zhong)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)損(sun)害(hai)(hai)的(de)(de)(de)，由(you)被(bei)(bei)(bei)幫(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)承(cheng)擔(dan)(dan)(dan)賠(pei)償(chang)(chang)(chang)責(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)。這主要是(shi)考慮到幫(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)是(shi)無償(chang)(chang)(chang)勞務提供人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，不(bu)(bu)收取報酬，被(bei)(bei)(bei)幫(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)是(shi)受(shou)(shou)益(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，被(bei)(bei)(bei)幫(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)因幫(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)而(er)(er)獲得利益(yi)，因此在(zai)幫(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)活(huo)動(dong)中(zhong)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)損(sun)害(hai)(hai)，應(ying)(ying)當由(you)被(bei)(bei)(bei)幫(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)承(cheng)擔(dan)(dan)(dan)賠(pei)償(chang)(chang)(chang)責(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)。至(zhi)于(yu)幫(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)在(zai)幫(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)活(huo)動(dong)中(zhong)是(shi)否(fou)受(shou)(shou)被(bei)(bei)(bei)幫(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)控制(zhi)或(huo)者(zhe)接受(shou)(shou)被(bei)(bei)(bei)幫(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)指示而(er)(er)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)損(sun)害(hai)(hai)，在(zai)所不(bu)(bu)問。在(zai)一(yi)般(ban)侵(qin)權(quan)中(zhong)，被(bei)(bei)(bei)幫(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)對幫(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)害(hai)(hai)行為承(cheng)擔(dan)(dan)(dan)責(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)，應(ying)(ying)符合一(yi)般(ban)侵(qin)權(quan)的(de)(de)(de)構(gou)成要件。在(zai)特殊(shu)侵(qin)權(quan)中(zhong)，被(bei)(bei)(bei)幫(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)對幫(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)害(hai)(hai)行為承(cheng)擔(dan)(dan)(dan)責(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)，應(ying)(ying)符合該特殊(shu)侵(qin)權(quan)的(de)(de)(de)構(gou)成要件。（2）被(bei)(bei)(bei)幫(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)明(ming)(ming)確(que)拒絕(jue)幫(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)，不(bu)(bu)承(cheng)擔(dan)(dan)(dan)賠(pei)償(chang)(chang)(chang)責(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)。一(yi)般(ban)而(er)(er)言，幫(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)是(shi)應(ying)(ying)被(bei)(bei)(bei)幫(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)請求參加幫(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)，或(huo)者(zhe)幫(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)主動(dong)幫(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)忙，被(bei)(bei)(bei)幫(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)接受(shou)(shou)，但是(shi)，如(ru)果被(bei)(bei)(bei)幫(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)明(ming)(ming)確(que)拒絕(jue)幫(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，幫(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)仍堅持(chi)參加幫(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)損(sun)害(hai)(hai)，要求被(bei)(bei)(bei)幫(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)承(cheng)擔(dan)(dan)(dan)賠(pei)償(chang)(chang)(chang)責(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)，則顯(xian)失公(gong)平。因為，被(bei)(bei)(bei)幫(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)拒絕(jue)幫(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)表(biao)明(ming)(ming)其不(bu)(bu)接受(shou)(shou)幫(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)活(huo)動(dong)所帶來的(de)(de)(de)利益(yi)，表(biao)明(ming)(ming)其自(zi)身工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作不(bu)(bu)愿受(shou)(shou)他人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之干涉。（3）幫(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)存(cun)在(zai)故意或(huo)者(zhe)重大過(guo)失的(de)(de)(de)，賠(pei)償(chang)(chang)(chang)權(quan)利人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)請求幫(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)和(he)被(bei)(bei)(bei)幫(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)承(cheng)擔(dan)(dan)(dan)連帶責(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民法(fa)院應(ying)(ying)予支(zhi)持(chi)。

校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)園(yuan)侵權(quan)(quan)責(ze)任校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)園(yuan)侵權(quan)(quan)是(shi)一個(ge)概念(nian)，其(qi)內(nei)(nei)容包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)未(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)在(zai)學校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)、幼(you)兒(er)園(yuan)以及其(qi)他教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)機構(gou)(gou)所(suo)(suo)受的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傷(shang)害，這種(zhong)傷(shang)害包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)三種(zhong)情況：（1）在(zai)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)園(yuan)內(nei)(nei)，未(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)之間相互(hu)造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傷(shang)害；（2）在(zai)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)園(yuan)內(nei)(nei)，因第三人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原因所(suo)(suo)致未(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傷(shang)害；（3）在(zai)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)園(yuan)內(nei)(nei)，由于教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)機構(gou)(gou)本身的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原因所(suo)(suo)致未(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傷(shang)害。學校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)、幼(you)兒(er)園(yuan)和其(qi)他教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)機構(gou)(gou)對于未(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)負教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)、管(guan)(guan)理(li)和保護(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)義務(wu)(wu)，不負監護(hu)義務(wu)(wu)。（1）教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)管(guan)(guan)理(li)機構(gou)(gou)包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)公辦(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，也包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)私立(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)；（2）教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)管(guan)(guan)理(li)保護(hu)義務(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)對象是(shi)未(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)，成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)不包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)在(zai)內(nei)(nei)；（3）教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)管(guan)(guan)理(li)保護(hu)義務(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)期(qi)間為(wei)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)機構(gou)(gou)組織教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)、教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學活動期(qi)間，包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)課間休息(xi)時(shi)間和不離校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)休息(xi)時(shi)間；（4）教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)管(guan)(guan)理(li)保護(hu)義務(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)場(chang)所(suo)(suo)為(wei)整(zheng)個(ge)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)園(yuan)，例如校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)舍、教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)室、操場(chang)等。.對“給他人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)注冊(ce)商標權(quan)(quan)造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)其(qi)他損害的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行為(wei)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)理(li)解！

關(guan)(guan)于離婚(hun)協(xie)(xie)議(yi)(yi)書簽(qian)(qian)(qian)訂的(de)(de)欺(qi)騙、脅(xie)迫問(wen)題(ti)？離婚(hun)財(cai)產(chan)分割(ge)協(xie)(xie)議(yi)(yi)確實有不(bu)同(tong)(tong)于一(yi)(yi)(yi)般民(min)事(shi)合(he)同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)地方(fang)(fang)，由于離婚(hun)雙方(fang)(fang)畢竟有過夫妻名分，共同(tong)(tong)生活過一(yi)(yi)(yi)段(duan)時間，可(ke)(ke)能(neng)還育有子女，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)訂立財(cai)產(chan)分割(ge)協(xie)(xie)議(yi)(yi)時，除了(le)純(chun)粹的(de)(de)利益考慮外，常(chang)常(chang)難以(yi)避(bi)免地包含一(yi)(yi)(yi)些感情(qing)(qing)因素，所以(yi)，人民(min)法(fa)(fa)院在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)確認(ren)(ren)協(xie)(xie)議(yi)(yi)可(ke)(ke)撤銷(xiao)或(huo)變(bian)更時，不(bu)能(neng)輕易將協(xie)(xie)議(yi)(yi)中一(yi)(yi)(yi)方(fang)(fang)放棄主要或(huo)大部分財(cai)產(chan)的(de)(de)約定(ding)認(ren)(ren)定(ding)為(wei)顯失(shi)公平或(huo)重大誤(wu)解，而(er)予以(yi)撤銷(xiao)或(huo)變(bian)更。同(tong)(tong)時對于“乘人之危”的(de)(de)認(ren)(ren)定(ding)，也(ye)應謹(jin)慎，不(bu)宜將急欲離婚(hun)的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)方(fang)(fang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)財(cai)產(chan)上做出讓步視(shi)為(wei)另一(yi)(yi)(yi)方(fang)(fang)乘人之危的(de)(de)后(hou)果，只有在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)方(fang)(fang)利用他(ta)方(fang)(fang)生產(chan)，行為(wei)能(neng)力受限而(er)監(jian)護人監(jian)護不(bu)力等情(qing)(qing)況下，迫使他(ta)方(fang)(fang)簽(qian)(qian)(qian)訂明顯損害其合(he)法(fa)(fa)權益的(de)(de)協(xie)(xie)議(yi)(yi)，才可(ke)(ke)認(ren)(ren)定(ding)為(wei)乘人之危。另外，關(guan)(guan)于在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)脅(xie)迫行為(wei)下簽(qian)(qian)(qian)訂的(de)(de)問(wen)題(ti)。若一(yi)(yi)(yi)方(fang)(fang)不(bu)能(neng)舉(ju)證證明另一(yi)(yi)(yi)方(fang)(fang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)簽(qian)(qian)(qian)訂協(xie)(xie)議(yi)(yi)時存在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)脅(xie)迫的(de)(de)事(shi)實，即無法(fa)(fa)舉(ju)證，則法(fa)(fa)院很(hen)難認(ren)(ren)定(ding)。實踐中，常(chang)見一(yi)(yi)(yi)方(fang)(fang)認(ren)(ren)為(wei)脅(xie)迫的(de)(de)情(qing)(qing)況是：當另一(yi)(yi)(yi)方(fang)(fang)當場捉在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)床，另一(yi)(yi)(yi)方(fang)(fang)以(yi)要將捉資料散(san)布(bu)出去為(wei)要挾，一(yi)(yi)(yi)方(fang)(fang)不(bu)得已，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)離婚(hun)協(xie)(xie)議(yi)(yi)上簽(qian)(qian)(qian)字后(hou)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)要即時報警，或(huo)采用其他(ta)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)取證，不(bu)要太顧及(ji)臉面而(er)丟棄固證的(de)(de)時機(ji)。否則，產(chan)生爭議(yi)(yi)對己不(bu)利。未簽(qian)(qian)(qian)訂勞動(dong)合(he)同(tong)(tong) 如何認(ren)(ren)定(ding)存在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)勞動(dong)關(guan)(guan)系。靜安區執(zhi)行民(min)事(shi)商(shang)事(shi)案(an)件

交通(tong)事(shi)故中死者的死亡賠償金(jin)、精神損害撫慰金(jin)如何分配？奉賢區遺產繼承民事(shi)商(shang)事(shi)糾紛(fen)訴訟費用

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