隧道應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)力(li)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)以(yi)(yi)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)時段劃分(fen)，可(ke)以(yi)(yi)將隧道監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)分(fen)為(wei)(wei)前(qian)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)、施(shi)工期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)以(yi)(yi)及(ji)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)。其中在施(shi)工期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)階段監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)過程(cheng)中，使(shi)用的(de)(de)儀(yi)器于(yu)這個(ge)時段內，無法(fa)長時間產生監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)作用，可(ke)以(yi)(yi)稱為(wei)(wei)臨時監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)。若使(shi)用的(de)(de)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)方(fang)法(fa)與儀(yi)器能夠貫穿(chuan)施(shi)工期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)與運(yun)行(xing)(xing)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，可(ke)以(yi)(yi)稱為(wei)(wei)長久監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)。（1）前(qian)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)利用勘探平洞進(jin)行(xing)(xing)。隨(sui)勘探洞的(de)(de)開(kai)挖(wa)巖(yan)體的(de)(de)力(li)學參數(shu)，建立(li)計(ji)(ji)算(suan)模(mo)型。或進(jin)行(xing)(xing)位移、應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)力(li)及(ji)聲(sheng)(sheng)波等(deng)量測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)。利用原位模(mo)型試驗洞，進(jin)行(xing)(xing)系統(tong)的(de)(de)位移、應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)力(li)、圍(wei)(wei)巖(yan)松動(dong)范圍(wei)(wei)及(ji)聲(sheng)(sheng)波量測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)，反(fan)演巖(yan)體力(li)學參數(shu)，建立(li)計(ji)(ji)算(suan)模(mo)型，為(wei)(wei)地下洞室穩定(ding)性(xing)研究、支護設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)提(ti)供依據(ju)。（2）施(shi)工期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)隨(sui)施(shi)工的(de)(de)進(jin)展，對圍(wei)(wei)巖(yan)和支護進(jin)行(xing)(xing)位移、應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)力(li)、應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)、裂縫開(kai)合、地下水、爆破影響和環境等(deng)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)，并及(ji)時反(fan)饋，以(yi)(yi)保證(zheng)施(shi)工安(an)全(quan)和修改設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)、指導施(shi)工。（3）運(yun)行(xing)(xing)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)對圍(wei)(wei)巖(yan)及(ji)支護進(jin)行(xing)(xing)現(xian)場監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)，監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)結構構件的(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)、檢驗設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)正確性(xing)以(yi)(yi)及(ji)為(wei)(wei)地下工程(cheng)技術研究積(ji)累資料。某工程(cheng)為(wei)(wei)膠凝(ning)砂礫(li)石壩（碾壓混凝(ning)土）。礫(li)石直徑(jing)比(bi)較大(da)的(de)(de)為(wei)(wei)10cm。用不用更(geng)換為(wei)(wei)大(da)彈模(mo)埋入式應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)計(ji)(ji)？四(si)川應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)計(ji)(ji)調(diao)試

表面(mian)應(ying)變(bian)計(ji)(ji)安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)過程中常(chang)見問題：1、表面(mian)應(ying)變(bian)計(ji)(ji)安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)底座與監測測量的(de)(de)方向(xiang)要保(bao)持統一(yi)，保(bao)證(zheng)兩(liang)頭(tou)的(de)(de)應(ying)變(bian)計(ji)(ji)安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)底座處在同一(yi)水(shui)平線或垂直方向(xiang)，以(yi)保(bao)證(zheng)應(ying)變(bian)計(ji)(ji)安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)座本(ben)身水(shui)平。2、禁止線包同水(shui)泥混凝土(tu)接觸，以(yi)確保(bao)數據監測的(de)(de)精細(xi)性。3、接頭(tou)做(zuo)好防水(shui)措施，以(yi)確保(bao)不會應(ying)進水(shui)導(dao)(dao)致短(duan)路。4、不可用力猛(meng)拉位移計(ji)(ji)鋼弦，防止拉斷(duan)鋼弦，調(diao)(diao)整(zheng)鋼弦松緊時，需要分多次微調(diao)(diao)。5、遇見數據讀(du)取緩慢超市的(de)(de)情(qing)(qing)況，可檢查線是(shi)否出現短(duan)路或者斷(duan)開的(de)(de)情(qing)(qing)況。6、位移計(ji)(ji)電纜線需要用線管(guan)進行保(bao)護，防止人(ren)為(wei)或非人(ren)為(wei)的(de)(de)破壞，導(dao)(dao)致不能(neng)正常(chang)監測。浙江常(chang)見應(ying)變(bian)計(ji)(ji)調(diao)(diao)試(shi)應(ying)變(bian)計(ji)(ji)測試(shi)的(de)(de)物(wu)理量是(shi)什么？

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻應(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)計(ji)(ji)一(yi)般(ban)由敏(min)(min)感(gan)(gan)柵、引線(xian)、粘結劑、基底(di)和(he)蓋層組成。將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻應(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)計(ji)(ji)安裝在(zai)構件表(biao)(biao)面(mian)，構件在(zai)受載荷后(hou)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)產生(sheng)的微小(xiao)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)形（伸長或(huo)縮(suo)短），會使應(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)計(ji)(ji)的敏(min)(min)感(gan)(gan)柵隨之(zhi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)形，應(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)計(ji)(ji)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻就發生(sheng)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)，其變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)率(lv)和(he)安裝應(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)計(ji)(ji)處構件的應(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)成比(bi)例(li)。測(ce)出(chu)此(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻的變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)，即可按(an)公式算出(chu)構件表(biao)(biao)面(mian)的應(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)，以(yi)及相應(ying)(ying)(ying)的應(ying)(ying)(ying)力。將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻應(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)計(ji)(ji)安裝在(zai)構件表(biao)(biao)面(mian)，在(zai)應(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)計(ji)(ji)軸(zhou)線(xian)方向(xiang)的單(dan)向(xiang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)力作(zuo)(zuo)用下，敏(min)(min)感(gan)(gan)柵的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)率(lv)和(he)引起(qi)此(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)的構件表(biao)(biao)面(mian)在(zai)應(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)計(ji)(ji)軸(zhou)線(xian)方向(xiang)的應(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)之(zhi)比(bi)，稱(cheng)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻應(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)計(ji)(ji)的靈(ling)敏(min)(min)系數(shu)K即它表(biao)(biao)示電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻應(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)計(ji)(ji)輸(shu)出(chu)信號(hao)與輸(shu)入信號(hao)在(zai)數(shu)量上的關系，是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻應(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)計(ji)(ji)的主要(yao)工作(zuo)(zuo)特(te)性(xing)之(zhi)一(yi)。敏(min)(min)感(gan)(gan)柵的柵長一(yi)般(ban)為(wei)0.2～100毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻為(wei)60～1000歐(ou)（常用的為(wei)120歐(ou)和(he)350歐(ou)），測(ce)量范(fan)圍為(wei)幾微應(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)至數(shu)萬(wan)微應(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)（，1微應(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)=10-6毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)/毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)）。

應(ying)變計(ji)(ji)故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)排(pai)查(cha)1.應(ying)變計(ji)(ji)故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)排(pai)查(cha)當(dang)應(ying)變計(ji)(ji)測(ce)(ce)量出現故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)時(shi)，可(ke)(ke)用萬(wan)用表(biao)(biao)檢查(cha)應(ying)變計(ji)(ji)電(dian)纜(lan)芯線(xian)(xian)(xian)間的(de)電(dian)阻(zu)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，其(qi)正(zheng)常(chang)(chang)狀況紅(hong)、黑(hei)芯線(xian)(xian)(xian)電(dian)阻(zu)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)通常(chang)(chang)為300Ω左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)；綠、白芯線(xian)(xian)(xian)電(dian)阻(zu)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在溫度25℃時(shi)應(ying)為3kΩ左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)；紅(hong)、黑(hei)線(xian)(xian)(xian)對綠、白線(xian)(xian)(xian)或對屏(ping)蔽線(xian)(xian)(xian)(裸線(xian)(xian)(xian))間絕緣(yuan)電(dian)阻(zu)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)應(ying)﹥50MΩ(測(ce)(ce)量絕緣(yuan)電(dian)阻(zu)時(shi)可(ke)(ke)使(shi)用100V直流兆歐表(biao)(biao)，萬(wan)用表(biao)(biao)測(ce)(ce)量絕緣(yuan)電(dian)阻(zu)使(shi)用MΩ檔)。2.應(ying)變計(ji)(ji)電(dian)纜(lan)故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)排(pai)查(cha)應(ying)變計(ji)(ji)接長電(dian)纜(lan)型號(hao)為YSPT—4P，其(qi)電(dian)阻(zu)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為45Ω/km左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)。5.2.1用萬(wan)用表(biao)(biao)測(ce)(ce)量(黑(hei)、紅(hong)芯線(xian)(xian)(xian))的(de)電(dian)阻(zu)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)：正(zheng)常(chang)(chang)情況為300Ω左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)，再(zai)加上電(dian)纜(lan)的(de)電(dian)阻(zu)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。a)如果(guo)電(dian)阻(zu)測(ce)(ce)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正(zheng)常(chang)(chang)，可(ke)(ke)能應(ying)變計(ji)(ji)損壞或進水；b)如果(guo)電(dian)阻(zu)測(ce)(ce)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)非常(chang)(chang)大或無窮大，電(dian)纜(lan)或接頭(tou)斷路；c)如果(guo)電(dian)阻(zu)測(ce)(ce)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)非常(chang)(chang)小，電(dian)纜(lan)或接頭(tou)短(duan)路。其(qi)表(biao)(biao)現為讀數儀(yi)測(ce)(ce)量不出頻率值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。弦式應(ying)變計(ji)(ji)有什(shen)么不一樣(yang)的(de)地(di)方嗎(ma)?

哪(na)些建（構(gou)）筑(zhu)物(wu)需要(yao)進行(xing)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)監測(ce)(ce)(ce)？1997年行(xing)業(ye)標準(zhun)JGJ/T8-1997《建筑(zhu)變(bian)形(xing)測(ce)(ce)(ce)量工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)》明確(que)指出：“大型或重要(yao)的(de)建（構(gou)）筑(zhu)物(wu)，在(zai)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)設(she)計時(shi)就應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)對變(bian)形(xing)觀測(ce)(ce)(ce)的(de)內容和范圍(wei)做(zuo)出統籌安(an)排，施工(gong)(gong)開始時(shi)即應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)進行(xing)變(bian)形(xing)觀測(ce)(ce)(ce)，施工(gong)(gong)之前應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)制訂詳細的(de)監測(ce)(ce)(ce)方案。”這里(li)的(de)變(bian)形(xing)觀測(ce)(ce)(ce)就包括了(le)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)力(li)和應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)監測(ce)(ce)(ce)。在(zai)大壩(ba)、道(dao)路橋梁、隧(sui)道(dao)礦洞等建（構(gou)）筑(zhu)物(wu)中，有很多因為應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)力(li)超限而引起的(de)事(shi)故。當建（構(gou)）筑(zhu)物(wu)達到一定(ding)疲勞程(cheng)度時(shi)，會(hui)引起開裂、翹曲、變(bian)形(xing)等現象，因此進行(xing)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)監測(ce)(ce)(ce)十分地重要(yao)。鋼支撐(cheng)采用(yong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)計應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)注意(yi)哪(na)些問題?福建半(ban)導體應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)計檢(jian)定(ding)規(gui)程(cheng)

應變(bian)計(ji)(ji)與測(ce)縫計(ji)(ji)結果(guo)值為何(he)會出(chu)現負數的情況(kuang)。四川應變(bian)計(ji)(ji)調試

表(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)應(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)計(ji)試(shi)棒(bang)的(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)方法(fa)第一(yi)步：用(yong)配(pei)備的(de)(de)內(nei)六(liu)角(jiao)扳(ban)手松(song)開(kai)夾(jia)(jia)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)上的(de)(de)M6內(nei)六(liu)角(jiao)螺(luo)栓(shuan)；第二步：將夾(jia)(jia)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)穿在試(shi)棒(bang)上，分別安放(fang)在試(shi)棒(bang)的(de)(de)兩端；第三步：將一(yi)個夾(jia)(jia)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)外(wai)端面(mian)(mian)(mian)緊靠試(shi)棒(bang)凸(tu)緣(yuan)，另一(yi)夾(jia)(jia)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)外(wai)端面(mian)(mian)(mian)與試(shi)棒(bang)另一(yi)端圓(yuan)端面(mian)(mian)(mian)平齊，保證表(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)應(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)計(ji)的(de)(de)標(biao)距(ju)，放(fang)在同(tong)一(yi)平面(mian)(mian)(mian)上分別擰緊兩個夾(jia)(jia)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)M6內(nei)六(liu)角(jiao)螺(luo)栓(shuan)，使(shi)(shi)兩夾(jia)(jia)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)和試(shi)棒(bang)成為一(yi)體(ti)。表(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)應(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)計(ji)夾(jia)(jia)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)固定(ding)(ding)方法(fa)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)應(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)計(ji)選(xuan)(xuan)型(xing)完成，還需根據施工現場安裝(zhuang)條件(jian)選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)合適(shi)的(de)(de)夾(jia)(jia)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)進(jin)行安裝(zhuang)。選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)VWS-10F型(xing)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)應(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)計(ji)，可供選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)的(de)(de)夾(jia)(jia)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)有T型(xing)和標(biao)準型(xing)兩種。T型(xing)夾(jia)(jia)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)適(shi)用(yong)于用(yong)膨脹螺(luo)栓(shuan)固定(ding)(ding)方式，標(biao)準型(xing)夾(jia)(jia)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)適(shi)用(yong)于膠粘(zhan)固定(ding)(ding)方式。選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)VWS-5F型(xing)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)應(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)計(ji)，使(shi)(shi)用(yong)微型(xing)夾(jia)(jia)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)只能采用(yong)膠粘(zhan)方式。四(si)川應(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)計(ji)調試(shi)

南(nan)(nan)京葛南(nan)(nan)實業(ye)(ye)有限(xian)公司在監測傳感(gan)器，自(zi)動化采集設(she)備，采集軟件，葛南(nan)(nan)云平臺一直在同(tong)行業(ye)(ye)中處于(yu)較強地位(wei)，無論是產(chan)品還是服(fu)務，其高(gao)水(shui)平的(de)能(neng)力(li)始(shi)(shi)終貫穿于(yu)其中。公司始(shi)(shi)建(jian)于(yu)1998-03-09，在全國各個地區建(jian)立了良(liang)好(hao)的(de)商貿渠(qu)道和技術協作(zuo)關(guan)系。葛南(nan)(nan)實業(ye)(ye)致力(li)于(yu)構建(jian)儀器儀表自(zi)主創(chuang)新的(de)競爭力(li)，葛南(nan)(nan)實業(ye)(ye)將以精(jing)良(liang)的(de)技術、優異的(de)產(chan)品性(xing)能(neng)和完善的(de)售后服(fu)務，滿(man)足(zu)國內外廣(guang)大客戶的(de)需(xu)求。

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